import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(15000)
def expa(a,n):
if n>1:
return expa(a,n-1)*a
else:
return a
def expb(a,n):
product=a
for g in range(0,n-1):
product=a*product
return product
def expc(a,n):
if (n%2)==0:
return expc(a,n/2)^2
elif (n%2)==1 and n>1:
return (expc(a,(n-1)/2)^2)*a
elif n==1:
return a